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The disadvantages of an inline engine include a poor power-to-weight ratio, because the crankcase and crankshaft are long and thus heavy. If the engine crankshaft is located above the cylinders, it is called an inverted inline engine: this allows the propeller to be mounted high up to increase ground clearance, enabling shorter landing gear. The greatest advantage of an inline engine is that it allows the aircraft to be designed with a low frontal area to minimize drag. A straight engine typically has an even number of cylinders, but there are instances of three- and five-cylinder engines. This is typically to differentiate them from radial engines. In this entry, for clarity, the term "inline engine" refers only to engines with a single row of cylinders, as used in automotive language, but in aviation terms, the phrase "inline engine" also covers V-type and opposed engines (as described below), and is not limited to engines with a single row of cylinders. Ranger L-440 air-cooled, six-cylinder, inverted, in-line engine used in Fairchild PT-19 Shaft engines Reciprocating (piston) engines It powers the Pipistrel Velis Electro, the first fully electric EASA type-certified aeroplane. 2020: Pipistrel E-811 is the first electric aircraft engine to be awarded a type certificate by EASA.2004: NASA X-43, the first scramjet to maintain altitude.1968: General Electric TF39 high bypass turbofan enters service delivering greater thrust and much better efficiency.1950: Rolls-Royce Conway, the world's first production turbofan, enters service.1949: Leduc 010, the world's first ramjet-powered aircraft flight.1948: 100 shp 782, the first turboshaft engine to be applied to aircraft use in 1950 used to develop the larger 280 shp (210 kW) Turbomeca Artouste.1947: Bell X-1 rocket-propelled aircraft exceeds the speed of sound.1945: First turboprop-powered aircraft flies, a modified Gloster Meteor with two Rolls-Royce Trent engines.1944: Messerschmitt Me 163B Komet, the world's first rocket-propelled combat aircraft deployed.1943 Daimler-Benz DB 670, first turbofan runs.1940: Jendrassik Cs-1, the world's first run of a turboprop engine.August 1939: Heinkel HeS 3 turbojet propels the pioneering German Heinkel He 178 aircraft.June 1939: Heinkel He 176 is the first successful aircraft to fly powered solely by a liquid-fueled rocket engine.1930: Frank Whittle submitted his first patent for a turbojet engine.1926: Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar IV (S), the first series-produced supercharged engine for aircraft use two-row radial with a gear-driven centrifugal supercharger.1918: Sanford Alexander Moss picks up Rateau's idea and creates the first successful turbocharger.1917-18 - The Idflieg-numbered R.30/16 example of the Imperial German Luftstreitkräfte's Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI heavy bomber becomes the earliest known supercharger-equipped aircraft to fly, with a Mercedes D.II straight-six engine in the central fuselage driving a Brown-Boveri mechanical supercharger for the R.30/16's four Mercedes D.IVa engines.1914: Auguste Rateau suggests using exhaust-powered compressor – a turbocharger – to improve high-altitude performance not accepted after the tests.The aircraft never flew, but a patent was filed for routing exhaust gases into the duct to augment thrust. 1910: Coandă-1910, an unsuccessful ducted fan aircraft exhibited at Paris Aero Salon, powered by a piston engine.In 1909 a Gnome powered Farman III aircraft won the prize for the greatest non-stop distance flown at the Reims Grande Semaine d'Aviation setting a world record for endurance of 180 kilometres (110 mi). 1908: Louis Seguin designed the Gnome Omega, the world's first rotary engine to be produced in quantity.1908: René Lorin patents a design for the ramjet engine.1906: Léon Levavasseur produces a successful water-cooled V8 engine for aircraft use.1903: Manly-Balzer engine sets standards for later radial engines.1903: Charlie Taylor built an inline engine, mostly of aluminum, for the Wright Flyer (12 horsepower).1848: John Stringfellow made a steam engine for a 10-foot wingspan model aircraft which achieved the first powered flight, albeit with negligible payload.